21th & 22th Article

Article 21:
              1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or thought freely chosen representatives.
              2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
              3. The will of people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine electrons which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22:
               Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each stats, of the economics, social and culture rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

19th & 20th Article

Article 19:
               Everyone has the right to thought and freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and idea thought any media and regardless of frontier.

Article 20:
               1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
               2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

17th & 18th Article

Article 17:
               1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
               2. No one shall be arbitrary deprived of his property.

Article 18:
               Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observes.

15th & 16th Article

Article 15:
               1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
               2. No one shall be arbitrary deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16:
               1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
               2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
               3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society is entitled to protection by society and state.

13th & 14th Article

Article 13:
               1. Everyone has the right to freedom of  movement and residence within the borders of each state.
               2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14:
               1.Everyone has the right to enjoy and and to seek in other countries asylum from persecution.
               2..This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecution genuinely arising from nonpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

11th & 12th article

Article 11:
               1. Everyone charged with a penal offense  has the rights to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trail at which he has all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
               2. No one shall be held guilty of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offense, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offense was committed.

Article 12:
               No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.     

9th & 10th Aticle

Article 9:
             No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10:
             Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

7th & 8th Article

Article 7:
                        All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protect of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this deceleration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8:
                        Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violation the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

5th & 6th Articles

Article 5:
             No one shall be subjected to  or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6:
             Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

3rd & 4th Article

 
Article 3:
                       Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4:
               No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

1st & 2nd Article

                                          Articles


Article 1:
                       All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2:
                Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social oriin, property, birth or other status.
      Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Preamble

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedom is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

      Now, therefore,
      The General Assembly,
      Proclaim this universal declaration of human rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the people of territories under their jurisdiction.

Preamble

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations in the charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

whereas Member Stats have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedom,

                           ................To be continue...............

The universal declaration of human rights

                                         Preamble

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of equal and inalienable right of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of man kind, and the advent of a world in which human being shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and highest aspiration of the common people,

                                  .................To be continue...................

The universal declaration of human rights

On December 10, 1948, the general assembly of the United Nations adopted and pro claimed the Universal declaration of human rights, the full text of which appears here.Following this historic act the assembly called upon all member countries to publicize the text of the declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated displayed, read and expounded principally in school and other educational institutes, without distinction based on the political status of countries of territories."

                     Preamble
                     ..............
                   ..................

The Background of human rights

Originally, individuals had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family or social class.Then, in 539 B.C., Cyrus the great, after conquering the city of Babylon, set a precedent-he freed all slaves to return home.Moreover, he declared people had the right to chose their own religion.The Cyrus cylinder, a clay tablet containing these proclamations, is considered the first human rights declaration in history.
The idea of individual rights spread quickly to India, Greece and eventually Rome. The most impotent milestones since then have include:

1215: THE MAGNA CARTA-establishing new rights and making the king subject to the law.
1628: THE PETITION OF RIGHTS-setting out the rights and liberties o the people opposed to the British crown.
1776: THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE-proclaiming the right of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
1789: THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN AND OF CITIZEN-in France, establishing that all citizens are equal in the eye of law.
1864: THE FIRST GENEVA CONVENTION-SETTING STANDERS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
1948: THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS-the first charter proclaiming the thirty rights to which every human being in entitled.

Human rights brings peace

No one enjoys being wrongly accused. People resist being told what to think and believe.They prefer to make their own choice and to freely voice their own opinion. They expect to be treated equally to others.
Each of these wishes express human rights.Those whose rights have been violated feel a strong sense of resentment.If they have no mean to remedy injustices, these simmer and may break out n civil disorder, ethnic conflicts and other disturbances.Government officials then decide they must become increasingly repressive to hold down the potential violence in the society.
It is vicious circle, leading in the end to conflict between the oppressor & the oppressed.
Today certain parts of the world are in the state of near warfare.At the same time, violence against different religious & ethnic group is increasing.But with initiative, much can be done.The story of human rights is a drama of persistent struggle and steady advance, often against heavy odds.And with human rights comes peace and the mean to true freedom.